kinds of food nutrient and its function

1.  carbohydrate    

•  A key source of energy for human body
• 1 gram carbohydrate= 4,1 calorie
• having important role in metabolism process
• maintaining the balance level, of acid and bases, forming cells, tissue, and organs
• the exceeding carbohydrate will be stored in the form of glycogen (in the liver and muscle) and fat (in fat tissue)
• sources: rice, corn, cassava, potato, sago, wheat                                            

2.  protein

• divided into 2 kinds, animal protein (fish, milk, and meat) and vegetable protein (soybean, string beans, and other legumes)
• the function of protein:
  -forming special growing substances (hormone, enzyme, antibody, and chromosome); body defence; cell tissue, and organ maintenance and reparations
• lack of protein in everyday food will result kwashiorkor
  

3.  fat

• divided into 2 kinds, animal fat (meat, milk, and egg) and vegetable fat (peanut, coconut)
• function:
  - to create energy
  - to dissolve vitamin A,D,E, and K
  - to avoid body organs from collision and cold temperature

4.  Vitamin

• function:
  - to keep the optimal growth and health
  - to protect and control body instruments
• based on its solubility, there are 2 kinds of vitamin
  - water-soluble: vitamin B and C
  - fat-soluble    : vitamin A,D,E, and K
• one who is lack of particular vitamin may suffer avitaminosis

Gas exchange

The major function of the respiratory system is gas exchange between the external environment and an organism's circulatory system. In humans and other mammals, this exchange facilitates oxygenation of the blood with a concomitant removal of carbon dioxide and other gaseous metabolic wastes from the circulation. As gas exchange occurs, the acid-base balance of the body is maintained as part of homeostasis. If proper ventilation is not maintained, two opposing conditions could occur: respiratory acidosis, a life threatening condition, and respiratory alkalosis.

Upon inhalation, gas exchange occurs at the alveoli, the tiny sacs which are the basic functional component of the lungs. The alveolar walls are extremely thin (approx. 0.2 micrometres). These walls are composed of a single layer of epithelial cells (type I and type II epithelial cells) close to the pulmonary capillaries which are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells. The close proximity of these two cell types allows permeability to gases and, hence, gas exchange. This whole mechanism of gas exchange is carried by the simple phenomenon of pressure difference. When the air pressure is high inside the lungs, the air from lungs flow out. When the air pressure is low inside, then air flows into the lungs

blood cells are...

bone marrow produces

Pulmonary circulation

Main article: Pulmonary circulation

The pulmonary circulatory system is the portion of the cardiovascular system in which oxygen-depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein.

Oxygen deprived blood from the vena cava, enters the right atrium of the heart and flows through the tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) into the right ventricle, from which it is then pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs, whereby CO₂ is released from the blood, and oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein returns the now oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

skeleton

circulatory system

cardiovascular system

high and lowest pressure

circulatory system

what's in blood?????

1. digested food 
2. white blood cells
3. red blood cells
4. waste (urea)
5. oxygen
6. carbon dioxide
7. plasma
8. hormones
9. platelets

types of blood

1. the artery 

the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure
the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along

   2.  the vein
veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction
thin muscle and elastic fibres

   3.  the capillary
they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells
the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick

what is the circulatory system?

• the circulatory system carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places in the body
• the heart has the job of pumping these things around the body
• the heart pumps blood and substances around the body intubes called blood vessels
• the heart and blood vessels together make up the circulatory system

digestive system

digestive system

picture of heart